2.1. Human Breathe
When we braethe, we inhale ( take in ) and exhale ( let out ). While breathing, our chest moves up and down. The number of chest movement is the rate of breathing.
When we inhale .... chest expand .
The air flows in through the nose --> windpipe --> lungs
The air contains more oxygen.
When we exhale .... chest contact.
The air flows out through the lungs --> windpipe --> nose
The air contain more carbon dioxide.
2.2. Human Excrete and Defecate
Humans excrete and defecate to get rid of waste material from their bodies.
Excrete :
- urine and sweat ( they contain water )
Defecate :
- get rid of undigested food or waste material called faeces.
We get rid of them so that we would not harm our health .
2.3. Response to Stimuli
Example of Stimuli :
Hot kettle
Thorns of cactus
The sudden movement of the hand away from the stimuli is called response.
2.4. Human Reproduce
Human reproduce by giving birth to their offspring.
This process continues from one generation to another.
2.5. Avoid Bad Habits
Bad habits harm life processes of human.
Example of bad habits :
Smoking
Drinking alcohol
Taking drugs
Smoking will affect lungs badly and cause lungs cancer.
Harmful subtances in the cigarette can damage the lungs structure and cause the lungs not to function properly.
Healthy lungs and unhealthy lungs
The alcohol can affects the driver's ability to see .
This caused a delayed reaction in driver's response to the stimuli.
2.6. Animals Excrete and Defecate
Animals need to excrete and defecate to get rid of waste product.
They need to excrete and defecate to stay healthy.
2.7. Animal Breathe
Animals need to breathe to stay alive.
Different animals have different breathing structure.
Fish needs gills to breathe.
Frog uses moist skin and lungs to breathe.
Grasshopper uses trachea to breathe.
Monkey uses lungs to breathe.
2.8. Getting Started
Thousands of frog eggs on the surface of water.
A baby kangaroo is born .
Different types of animal reproduce in different ways.
A hen lays eggs.
A cow give birth to a calf.
2.9. A Complete Change.
Some young animals do not look like their parents.
They undergo changes before they look like their parents.
eggs -- caterpillar -- pupa -- butterfly
eggs -- chick -- hen
2.10. Plants Response to Stimuli
Stimuli that plants respond to are water and sunlight.
i) Water
The roots of the plants grow towards water and gravity.
ii) Sunlight
The shoots move towards the sunlight.
2.11. Plants Reproduce
Plants reproduce to ensure the survival of their species.
They reproduce in different way .
--By seeds
Papaya
-- By spores
Mushroom
- can be easily carried by wind
- grow into young plants under the right conditions.
-- By leaves
Begonia plants
-- By stem cuttings
Hibiscus
-- By underground stems
Ginger plants
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